Stem Cell Therapy

Regenerative medicine showed up to 68.4% improvement in androgenetic alopecia and up to 71% improvement in vitiligo across the reviewed RCTs, indicating promising efficacy for these dermatologic disorders.

Emerging therapies such as low-level laser therapy, microneedling, platelet-rich plasma, and stem cell therapy show promise for promoting hair regrowth, while conventional treatments like minoxidil and finasteride remain effective but have limitations.

Standard treatments like topical minoxidil and oral finasteride are established, while newer modalities like PRP, LLLT, and oral minoxidil show encouraging results but lack standardized protocols.

The review outlines various current and emerging therapies for hair loss, including pharmacological agents, devices, and cellular therapies.

The review identifies MSC implantation, MSC-derived secretome, and PRP as promising regenerative treatment options for alopecia, though further clinical application strategies are needed.

Across 12 included trials, PRP showed a positive treatment effect in 84% of studies, with 50% demonstrating statistically significant improvement on objective measures, and consistent gains in hair density and thickness; it was reported as a safe and effective alternative to minoxidil and finasteride with few adverse effects.

The review suggests that autologous stem cell and PRP therapies may promote hair regrowth by activating Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, prolonging the anagen phase, and reducing apoptotic signals, although specific quantitative efficacy outcomes are not reported.

The review highlights several emerging therapies, including novel excipients for oral minoxidil, dutasteride, and finasteride; topical prostaglandin modulators; low-level laser therapy; Wnt pathway activators and stem cell treatments for androgenetic alopecia; JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata; antiandrogens and pioglitazone for frontal fibrosing alopecia; and robotic-assisted follicular unit extraction for hair transplantation.